Keeping children safe in crashes:

More than 1,000 children 12 and younger in passenger vehicles die in crashes every year, and more than 100,000 are injured. Parents can reduce this risk by having their children stay in the back seat.
The videos below are designed to help parents choose the right type of restraint for their child's age and size and to provide general information on installation and use.

• Overview (watch first): for parents of all children

• Rear-facing: for parents of infants — newborns to at least 1 year and 20 lbs
• Forward-facing: for parents of toddlers
• Booster seats: for parents of children who have outgrown their forward-facing seats
• Adult belts: for parents of older children

Booster seats can improve the fit of adult belts for children who have outgrown child restraints, but not all boosters provide the recommended belt fit. It's important to ensure that the lap belt fits low across the upper thigh, not across the child's soft abdomen. The shoulder belt should cross snuggly over the center of the shoulder. 

What if my vehicle doesn't have shoulder belts? 

Rear Facing Car Seat Safety

Car Seat Safety Tips When using a rear-facing car seat:

• For the best possible protection, keep your infant in a rear-facing child safety seat in a back seat for as long as possible—up to the height or weight limit of the particular seat. The "12-months-and-20-pounds" rule that many parents cite when turning their child forward in the car is actually the minimum size and age requirement.

• Keep babies rear-facing in a convertible seat until they reach the maximum height or weight allowed by the manufacturer. For many children that will be 30, 35 or even 40 pounds. Many kids will be over age 2 when they reach that weight. Rear-facing occupants are safest.

When using an infant or convertible seat:

• Use your baby’s car seat rear-facing and semi-reclined no more than 45 degrees, so the baby’s head stays in contact with the seat and the baby’s airway stays open. Read the car seat instructions.

• Make sure the buckled harness straps that keep your baby properly positioned and secured in the car seat fit snuggly. Loose harness straps don’t provide maximum protection. Be sure the harness is tight, so you cannot pinch extra webbing at the shoulder.

• Position the shoulder straps through the slots at or below your baby’s shoulders.

• Adjust the chest clip to armpit level.

• Use either the car’s seat belt or LATCH system to lock the car seat into the car. Do not use both systems at the same time.

• Your car seat should not move more than one inch side to side or front to back. Grab the car seat
  

  Diagram of Rear Facing Car Seat

  at the safety belt path or LATCH path to test it.

• All car seats have an expiration date. Generally, it is six years, but contact the manufacturer of the seat to find out what the expiration date is for your specific seat.

• Never buy a used car seat if you do not know its full history and never use a car seat that has been in a crash.

• Do not use any products in the car seat that did not come from the manufacturer. Car seat fabrics meet strict fire safety codes. Add-on toys can injure your child in a crash.

• Find where the frontal airbags are in your vehicle by checking the owner’s manual. Never put a rear-facing car seat in front of an active airbag. Children are always safest in a back seat.

• Have your car seat checked by a currently certified child passenger safety technician to make sure it is properly installed.

Take the next step to a forward-facing car seat when your child is at least age 1 and 20 pounds but preferably when your child has outgrown the height or weight limit of his or her rear-facing convertible car seat and you answer “yes” to either question:

• Does your child exceed the car seat’s rear-facing height or weight limits? 

• Is your child’s head within one inch of the car seat top? 

Tips on properly installing & using forward-facing car seats:

• Use a forward-facing car seat correctly and until the harness no longer fits (convertible or combo seat) in a back seat every time your toddler rides in a car. Many harnesses today serve kids to 50, 60, 80 or even 100 pounds.

• Use the right car seat with a harness for your toddler’s weight and height. Toddlers are weighed and measured at every doctor visit, so be sure to keep track.

• Put harnesses through the slots so they are even with or above the child’s shoulders. Some seats require use of the top slots when the seat is forward-facing, so check instructions.

• Be sure the buckled harness is tight, so you cannot pinch extra webbing at the shoulder.

• Adjust the chest clip to armpit level.

• Use the car’s safety belt or LATCH system to lock the car seat into the car. Do not use both at the same time.

• Your car seat should not move more than one inch side to side or front to back. Grab the car seat at the safety belt path or LATCH path to test it.

• Use a top tether if your vehicle and car seat are both so equipped. Tethers limit the forward motion of your child’s head in a crash.

• Have your car seat checked by a currently certified child passenger safety technician to make sure it’s properly installed.

• Do not allow children to play with unused seat belts. Treat them as you would any rope or cord.

• Be sure all occupants wear seat belts correctly every time. Children learn from adult role models.

• If you have a heavier or taller child, find a car seat with a harness that fits larger children. Some seats hold children up to 80 or even 100 pounds.

• Restrain all children in the age- and weight-appropriate child restraint when in a car with the motor running. That will limit access to power windows. Never leave children unattended.

Take the next step to a booster seat when you answer “yes” to any of these questions:

• Does your child exceed the car seat’s height or weight limits? 

• Are your child’s shoulders above the car seat’s top harness slots? 

• Are the tops of your child’s ears above the top of the car seat? 

The "best" safety seat is the one that fits your child, fits your car, and fits your family's needs in terms of comfort and convenience, so that you'll use it on every single ride. For more information about selecting a safety seat to fit your child, see "Best Child Safety Seat."

FAQ - Car Seat Safety

More Questions about Car Seats

See the Prevent Injuries In and Around Cars tip sheet for more information about keeping your children safer.

Related information:

Summary of Institute research on lap belts and booster seats — study conducted with Children's Hospital of Philadelphia

Child passenger safety from SafeKids USA

Car safety seat information for families from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)

Child passenger safety from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)

Q&A: Child passenger safety

Sources: http://www.iihs.org  http://www.safekids.org/